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The sprue is a chronic disease of the small intestine. It can occur for the first time at any age of life in children, the disease is called “Coeliakie” Gee or disease. Its frequency in Switzerland for about 900 people and affects both men and women.

The hallmark of this condition consists in the fact that the intestine can not send food ingested into the bloodstream, so much so that patients suffer from malnutrition, weight loss and multiple deprivation. Poor absorption of the holders of calories as fat, albumen, sugar, but also vitamins and minerals (calcium, phosphorus).

Some patients are lactose intolerant and can not tolerate milk, either so transient or longer. This is due to damage to the intestinal mucosa, unless it is another additional disease.

Other conditions that often accompany the sprue are diabetes mellitus, arthritis, rheumatism or Down syndrome.

CAUSES
The causes of this disease are not yet fully clarified. A role comes surely to genetic factors. It is pretty certain that there is a permanent disposition throughout life to be an overreaction to a vegetable protein, wheat protein, the “gluten proteins and other similar grains. Proteins directly or indirectly damage the lining of the small intestine, which can no longer absorb nutrients, causing many gaps and deficiencies. These proteins act as antigens and are found mostly among those affected, specific antibodies. We believe therefore that immunological processes involved in disease progression. There is no evidence that it exists at the origin of the disease a defective enzyme (closed defect).

DEMONSTRATIONS
In some people, the evolution of the disease is so mild that the disease can be detected and confirmed only with examination of tissue samples taken from the lining of the small intestine.

All symptoms of the disease converge towards a long-term inability of the intestines to absorb food ( “malabsorption”). The symptoms in children and adults differ very little.
* Digestion insufficient and inadequate food intake causing an elimination of undigested nutrients.
The stools are greasy and foul smell and the patient suffers permanent diarrhea.
* Bloating, distended abdomen (belly frog), malaise, edema of the face and extremities due to a lack of albumin.
* Weight loss up to weight loss, loss of muscle mass, followed by generalized weakness
* The signs of a lack of vitamins and minerals are anemia (anemia), bone pain, muscle cramps, inflammation of mucous membranes, burning sensation on the tongue, excessive pigmentation of the skin, hair loss.
* Fatigue, nervousness, emotional changes, menstrual disorders
* Disorders of blood coagulation

Celiac disease in children
Children suffer more disturbances in the maturation and growth retardation, delayed puberty well ahead. Lack of vitamin D and minerals can cause a decrease in size and rickets, a bone disease characterized by skeletal deformity, rather rare these days.

Sequelae
Adults suffer early osteoporosis signs with all the accompanying pain and bone fractures. The settling of the vertebral bodies produces a characteristic hunched.

PREVENTING
It has no practical preventive measures.
We can not cure the cause of the disease, the patient should follow his lifelong diet free of gluten. With strict adherence to this scheme the prognosis of the disease is fairly good. Pathological changes of intestinal mucosa to normal and cancer risk decreases.

Are gluten free and therefore no problem, the following foods:

* The corn-based products such as maize cornflour ®, Mondamin ®
* The rice, millet and buckwheat or buckwheat
* Potatoes, vegetables, fruits and animal proteins. At first, it will use fats and proteins in dairy products sparingly.
* It is sometimes useful to take vitamin preparations.
* In the food shops you find in most quinoa and amaranth. Both products are ideal as supplements or as a bread spread.
Are unacceptable plan diet all foods containing gluten:
* Most cereals (rye, barley, oats, wheat green spelled) and their derivatives such as bread, cakes, pasta.
* Soy bread, beer, coffee malt
* Many industrial finished products contain gluten in addition products as stabilizers and thickeners products (modified starch), but it is among the declared ingredients. Here are some examples:
and some canned food made from frozen vegetables (creamed spinach), bags of soup ready, some basic preparation of low-fat cheese, some sausage, mustard, products made from chocolate pudding
* Some cough syrups (malt!) And some preparations of folic acid or vitamin E.

When should you consult?
The physician making the diagnosis. The latter is based on the presence of antibodies in the blood, test operation of the small intestine and especially on a sample of tissue from the lining of the small intestine.

The therapy focuses on a sustainable diet free of gluten. There are no specific drugs against the sprue or celiac disease.

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