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The endoscopic examination (proctoscopy, colonoscopy) consist of the introduction through the anus of a tube fitted at its end with a camera whose images can be seen “live” on a screen. This examination is diagnostic (visualization and biopsy of polyps in the same time) and treatment (removal of polyps when they are neither too large nor too many). These tests require bowel preparation with enemas or “purge” taken from the previous day.

Only histological examination (microscopic) of a biopsy or polyp itself asserts its character Benin. The endoscopic appearance is misleading and can in no way sufficient.

The double contrast barium enema after careful preparation of the colon is sometimes done when there is a cons-indication to general anesthesia required for a colonoscopy.

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